What are the types of water level sensors?

What are the types of water level sensors?
Here are 7 types of liquid level sensors for your reference:

1. Optical water level sensor
The optical sensor is solid-state. They use infrared LEDs and phototransistors, and when the sensor is in the air, they are optically coupled. When the sensor head is immersed in the liquid, the infrared light will escape, causing the output to change. These sensors can detect the presence or absence of almost any liquid. They are not sensitive to ambient light, are not affected by foam when in air, and are not affected by small bubbles when in liquid. This makes them useful in situations where state changes must be recorded quickly and reliably, and in situations where they can operate reliably for long periods without maintenance.
Advantages: non-contact measurement, high accuracy, and fast response.
Disadvantages: Do not use under direct sunlight, water vapor will affect the measurement accuracy.

2. Capacitance liquid level sensor
Capacitance level switches use 2 conductive electrodes (usually made of metal) in the circuit, and the distance between them is very short. When the electrode is immersed in the liquid, it completes the circuit.
Advantages: can be used to determine the rise or fall of the liquid in the container. By making the electrode and the container the same height, the capacitance between the electrodes can be measured. No capacitance means no liquid. A full capacitance represents a complete container. The measured values of “empty” and “full” must be recorded, and then 0% and 100% calibrated meters are used to display the liquid level.
Disadvantages: The corrosion of the electrode will change the capacitance of the electrode, and it needs to be cleaned or recalibrated.

3. Tuning fork level sensor
The tuning fork level gauge is a liquid point level switch tool designed by the tuning fork principle. The working principle of the switch is to cause its vibration through the resonance of the piezoelectric crystal.
Every object has its resonant frequency. The resonant frequency of the object is related to the size, mass, shape, force… of the object. A typical example of the resonant frequency of the object is: the same glass cup in a row Filling with water of different heights, you can perform instrumental music performance by tapping.

Advantages: It can be truly unaffected by flow, bubbles, liquid types, etc., and no calibration is required.
Disadvantages: Cannot be used in viscous media.

4. Diaphragm liquid level sensor
The diaphragm or pneumatic level switch relies on air pressure to push the diaphragm, which engages with a micro switch inside the main body of the device. As the liquid level increases, the internal pressure in the detection tube will increase until the microswitch is activated. As the liquid level drops, the air pressure also drops, and the switch opens.
Advantages: There is no need for power in the tank, it can be used with many types of liquids, and the switch will not come into contact with liquids.
Disadvantages: Since it is a mechanical device, it will need maintenance over time.

5.Float water level sensor
The float switch is the original level sensor. They are mechanical equipment. The hollow float is connected to the arm. As the float rises and falls in the liquid, the arm will be pushed up and down. The arm can be connected to a magnetic or mechanical switch to determine on/off, or it can be connected to a level gauge that changes from full to empty when the liquid level drops.

The use of float switches for pumps is an economical and effective method to measure the water level in the pumping pit of the basement.
Advantages: The float switch can measure any type of liquid and can be designed to operate without any power supply.
Disadvantages: They are larger than other types of switches, and because they are mechanical, they must be used more frequently than other level switches.

6. Ultrasonic liquid level sensor
The ultrasonic level gauge is a digital level gauge controlled by a microprocessor. In the measurement, the ultrasonic pulse is emitted by the sensor (transducer). The sound wave is reflected by the liquid surface and received by the same sensor. It is converted into an electrical signal by a piezoelectric crystal. The time between the transmission and reception of the sound wave is used to calculate the Measure of the distance to the surface of the liquid.
The working principle of the ultrasonic water level sensor is that the ultrasonic transducer (probe) sends out a high-frequency pulse sound wave when it encounters the surface of the measured level (material), is reflected, and the reflected echo is received by the transducer and converted into an electrical signal. The propagation time of the sound wave. It is proportional to the distance from the sound wave to the surface of the object. The relationship between the sound wave transmission distance S and the sound speed C and the sound transmission time T can be expressed by the formula: S=C×T/2.

Advantages: non-contact measurement, the measured medium is almost unlimited, and it can be widely used for measuring the height of various liquids and solid materials.
Disadvantages: The measurement accuracy is greatly affected by the temperature and dust of the current environment.

7. Radar level gauge
A radar liquid level is a liquid level measuring instrument based on the principle of time travel. The radar wave runs at the speed of light, and the running time can be converted into a level signal by electronic components. The probe sends out high-frequency pulses that travel at the speed of light in space, and when the pulses meet the surface of the material, they are reflected and received by the receiver in the meter, and the distance signal is converted into a level signal.
Advantages: wide application range, not affected by temperature, dust, steam, etc.
Disadvantages: It is easy to produce interference echo, which affects the measurement accuracy.